A team at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC) invented a novel process for bleach-ing, biopolishing, and shrinkproofing wool that replaces conventional bleaching at el-evated temperatures and replaces chlorina-tion, the shrinkproof process banned in the U.S., which is the treatment used for import-ed super-wash wool. According to the Berry Law, which mandates that all wool worn by the military be domestic, the ARS process is being applied to wool fabric to dress our troops in underwear that is itch-free and ma-chine washable.Subsequently, a novel flame-resistant poly-mer was invented to apply to ARS-pro-cess wool to improve its burning behavior for safety in fire-hazard environments. This patented heat-resistant material for the processed wool proved to match the flame resistance of 50/50 blended wool with No-mex™, the fabric currently used in firefight-ers’ commercial uniforms. These ARS technologies are driving the U.S. textile industries—from wool fiber distribu-tors, to yarn and fabric processors, to dyers and finishers—to fill government contracts for all-wool military underwear. Over 80 textile companies signed Confiden-tiality Agreements (CAs) to work with the ARS in mill trials to determine commercial feasibility. Nine license applications were re-ceived by the Office of Technology Transfer (OTT). To date, one license is in place and one is pending. Since 2008, 12 CAs have been signed. Successful trials led the textile industry to introduce ARS-process wool into commer-cial product lines for the American consum-er. At this time, industrial partners are being actively sought to further develop the incor-poration of ARS’s flame-resistant polymer into ARS-process wool. The ARS process technology was developed under a funded cooperative Research Agreement with the American Sheep Industry Association.