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    Displaying 11 - 20 of 240

    Electrons are injected into the booster synchrotron, a racetrack-shaped ring of electromagnets, and accelerated from 450 MeV to 7 billion electron volts (7 GeV) in one-half second. (By comparison, the electron beam that lights a TV screen is only 25,000 electron volts.) The electrons are now traveling at >99.999999% of the speed of light. The accelerating force is supplied by electrical fields in four radio frequency (rf) cavities. In order to maintain the orbital path of the electrons, bending and focusing magnets increase the electron field strength in synchronization with the rf field.

    Advanced Photon Source (APS)
    Agency
    Dept. of Energy
    Region
    Midwest
    State: 
    Illinois
    Phone: 
    (630) 252-9090
    Email: 
    apsuser@aps.anl.gov
    Lab Representatives
    Apsuser
    E: 
    apsuser@aps.anl.gov
    P: 
    (630) 252-9090
    F: 
    Parent Lab: 
    Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

    Producing brilliant x-ray beams at the APS begins with electrons emitted from a cathode heated to ~1100° C. The electrons are accelerated by high-voltage alternating electric fields in a linear accelerator (linac; photo below). Selective phasing of the electric field accelerates the electrons to 450 million volts (MeV). At 450 MeV, the electrons are relativistic: they are traveling at >99.999% of the speed of light, which is 299,792,458 meters/ second (186,000 miles/second).

    Advanced Photon Source (APS)
    Agency
    Dept. of Energy
    Region
    Midwest
    State: 
    Illinois
    Phone: 
    (630) 252-9090
    Email: 
    apsuser@aps.anl.gov
    Lab Representatives
    Apsuser
    E: 
    apsuser@aps.anl.gov
    P: 
    (630) 252-9090
    F: 
    Parent Lab: 
    Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

    The 7-GeV electrons are injected into the 1104-m-circumference storage ring, a circle of more than 1,000 electromagnets and associated equipment, located in a radiation-proof concrete enclosure inside the experiment hall, which is large enough to encircle Chicago's U.S. Cellular Field. A powerful electromagnetic field focuses the electrons into a narrow beam that is bent on a circular path as it orbits within aluminum-alloy vacuum chambers running through the centers of the electromagnets.

    Advanced Photon Source (APS)
    Agency
    Dept. of Energy
    Region
    Midwest
    State: 
    Illinois
    Phone: 
    (630) 252-9090
    Email: 
    apsuser@aps.anl.gov
    Lab Representatives
    Apsuser
    E: 
    apsuser@aps.anl.gov
    P: 
    (630) 252-9090
    F: 
    Parent Lab: 
    Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

    Synchrotron storage rings optimized for insertion devices (photo below) are called "third-generation" light sources. Some, like the Advanced Light Source in California and the SuperACO in France, provide radiation in the ultraviolet/soft x-ray part of the spectrum. The 7-GeV APS and its sister facilities, the 6-GeV European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in France, and the Super Photon Ring 8-GeV (SPring-8) in Japan, can produce a range of x-rays up to those of the hard (highly penetrating) variety because of higher machine energies.

    Advanced Photon Source (APS)
    Agency
    Dept. of Energy
    Region
    Midwest
    State: 
    Illinois
    Phone: 
    (630) 252-9090
    Email: 
    apsuser@aps.anl.gov
    Lab Representatives
    Apsuser
    E: 
    apsuser@aps.anl.gov
    P: 
    (630) 252-9090
    F: 
    Parent Lab: 
    Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

    The ratchet-shaped radiation-shielding wall between the APS storage ring and the experiment hall serves as a line of demarcation. Thirty-five "sectors" are marked on the experiment hall floor. Each of these sectors comprises at least two x-ray beamlines, one originating at a bending magnet in the storage ring lattice, the other at an insertion device. With all APS sectors equipped and operating, the APS, in effect, has 35 discrete laboratories under one roof. More information about APS beamlines, including maps and specifications, are available at Find a Beamline.

    Advanced Photon Source (APS)
    Agency
    Dept. of Energy
    Region
    Midwest
    State: 
    Illinois
    Phone: 
    (630) 252-9090
    Email: 
    apsuser@aps.anl.gov
    Lab Representatives
    Apsuser
    E: 
    apsuser@aps.anl.gov
    P: 
    (630) 252-9090
    F: 
    Parent Lab: 
    Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

    In designing the experiment hall, the APS benefited from the experiences of researchers who had carried out experiments at other synchrotron facilities. One lesson learned was the need for adequate user laboratory and office space. The APS User Organization opted for laboratory/office modules (or LOMs) and were clear in their desire that the modules be located as close as possible to beamlines. As shown in the diagram below, LOMs are adjacent to the experiment hall, a short walk from each beamline.

    User beamlines comprise crystal and/or mirror optics designed to tailor the photon beam for specific types of experiments. These optics select out about one part per million from the energies (or wavelengths) that are carried by the insertion device beam and pass that energy down the beamline to a lead, radiation-proof experiment station that contains the sample under investigation; additional optics that may be needed to analyze and characterize the scattering, absorption, or imaging process; and detectors to collect data from the interaction of x-ray beam and sample.

    This concludes your introduction to the APS! For information about becoming a user and obtaining x-ray beam time at the APS, start here.

    Advanced Photon Source (APS)
    Agency
    Dept. of Energy
    Region
    Midwest
    State: 
    Illinois
    Phone: 
    (630) 252-9090
    Email: 
    apsuser@aps.anl.gov
    Lab Representatives
    Apsuser
    E: 
    apsuser@aps.anl.gov
    P: 
    (630) 252-9090
    F: 
    Parent Lab: 
    Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

    As one of the fastest supercomputers, Mira, our 10-petaflops IBM Blue Gene/Q system, is capable of 10 quadrillion calculations per second. With this computing power, Mira can do in one day what it would take an average personal computer 20 years to achieve.

    Faster and more sophisticated computers mean better simulations and more accurate predictions. Mira is helping researchers to tackle more complex problems, achieve faster times to solutions, and create more robust models of everything from jet engines to the human body.

    Consisting of 48 racks 786,432 processors, and 768 terabytes of memory, Mira is 20 times faster than Intrepid, its IBM Blue Gene/P predecessor at the ALCF. Mira was grown from the same DNA as Intrepid, but features many revolutionary advances.

    As a machine for open science, any researcher with a question that requires large-scale computing resources can submit a proposal for time on Mira, typically in allocations of millions of core-hours, to run programs for their experiments. This adds up to billions of hours of computing time per year.

    Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF)
    Agency
    Dept. of Energy
    Region
    Midwest
    State: 
    Illinois
    Phone: 
    (630) 252-8600
    Parent Lab: 
    Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

    ntrepid has a highly scalable torus network, as well as a high-performance collective network that minimizes the bottlenecks common in simulations on large, parallel computers. Intrepid uses less power per teraflop than systems built around commodity microprocessors, resulting in greater energy efficiency and reduced operating costs. Blue Gene applications use common languages and standards-based MPI communications tools, so a wide range of science and engineering applications are straightforward to port, including those used by the computational science community for cutting-edge research in chemistry, combustion, astrophysics, genetics, materials science and turbulence.

    Intrepid's Blue Gene/P system consists of

    • 40 racks
    • 1024 nodes per rack
    • 850 MHz quad-core processor and 2GB RAM per node
    • 640 I/O nodes
    • 88 GB/s, 7.6PB Storage

    For a total of 164K cores, 80 terabytes of RAM, and a peak performance of 557 teraflops.

    Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF)
    Agency
    Dept. of Energy
    Region
    Midwest
    State: 
    Illinois
    Phone: 
    (630) 252-8600
    Parent Lab: 
    Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

    Challenger is the home for the prod-devel job submission queue. Moving the prod-devel queue to Challenger clears the way for capability jobs on Intrepid.

    Challenger shares the same environment as Intrepid and is intended for small, short, interactive debugging and test runs. Production jobs are not run on Challenger. Challenger is an IBM Blue Gene/P system with 1.024 850 MHz quad-core nodes (4,096 processors) and 2 terabytes of memory. Peak performance is 13.9 teraflops.

    Challenger's Blue Gene/P system consists of:

    • 1 rack of Blue Gene/P
    • 1024 nodes per rack
    • one 850 MHz quad-core processor and 2GB RAM per node
    • For a total of 4096 cores, 2 terabytes of RAM, and a peak performance of 13.9 teraflops
    Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF)
    Agency
    Dept. of Energy
    Region
    Midwest
    State: 
    Illinois
    Phone: 
    (630) 252-8600
    Parent Lab: 
    Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

    Cetus

    Cetus shares the same software environment and file systems as Mira. The primary role of Cetus is to run small jobs in order to debug problems that occurred on Mira.

    Cetus System Configuration

    • Architecture: IBM BG/Q
    • Processor: 16 1600 MHz PowerPC A2 cores
    • Cabinets: 1
    • Nodes: 1,024
    • Cores/node: 16
    • Total cores: 16,384 cores
    • Memory/node: 16 GB RAM per node
    • Memory/core: 1 GB
    • Interconnect: 5D Torus Proprietary Network
    Vesta

    Vesta is the ALCF's test and development platform, serving as a launching pad for researchers planning to use Mira. Vesta has the same architecture as Mira, but on a much smaller scale (two computer racks compared to Mira's 48 racks). This system enables researchers to debug and scale up codes for the Blue Gene/Q architecture in preparation for Mira.

    Vesta is also a resource for users applying for a Director's Discretionary allocation and researchers preparing proposals for INCITE and ALCC. By allocating time on Vesta for testing and development, Mira is kept clear for capability jobs.

    Vesta System Configuration

    • Architecture: IBM BG/Q
    • Processor: 16 1600 MHzPowerPCA2cores
    • Cabinets: 2
    • Nodes: 2,048
    • Cores/node: 16
    • Total cores: 32,768 cores
    • Memory/node: 16 GB RAM per node
    • Memory/core: 1 GB
    • Interconnect:5DTorusProprietary Network
    Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF)
    Agency
    Dept. of Energy
    Region
    Midwest
    State: 
    Illinois
    Phone: 
    (630) 252-8600
    Parent Lab: 
    Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

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